Breaking the Code: Enzyme TYK2 Offers Hope for Alzheimer’s Treatment

Alzheimer’s disease, a leading global health challenge, remains difficult to treat due to limited understanding of its causes. However, new research in mice reveals a potential breakthrough. Scientists have identified the enzyme tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as a key player in tau protein misfolding—a hallmark of Alzheimer’s. In healthy brains, tau supports neuron stability and function. But in Alzheimer’s, tau forms toxic clumps, disrupting neural communication essential for memory and cognition. The study found TYK2 tags tau, preventing its clearance and triggering toxic buildup. Blocking TYK2 in genetically modified mice reduced harmful tau levels and improved neuron health. TYK2 inhibitors, already tested for autoimmune diseases, could offer a pathway for Alzheimer’s treatment if they cross the blood-brain barrier. While promising, further research is crucial to confirm TYK2’s role in human brains and its therapeutic potential for combating Alzheimer’s.

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01777-2