Melatonin, recognized for its pivotal role in regulating circadian rhythms, has garnered attention primarily within the realm of sleep health due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties. In a recent study conducted by researchers from various institutions in Spain, the effects of melatonin supplementation on sports performance and related biomarkers in highly trained athletes were critically reviewed. Utilizing data from original articles obtained through rigorous search criteria, the study encompassed 21 selected articles from a pool of 294 references. Melatonin doses ranged from 5 to 100 mg, administered pre or post-exercise. The findings underscored melatonin’s favorable safety profile, with notable enhancements observed in antioxidant status, inflammatory response modulation, and reversal of liver and muscle damage. Additionally, moderate effects on glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine were noted. Encouraging results were also found in haematological biomarkers, hormonal responses, and sports performance. However, the direct impact of melatonin on sports performance awaits further assessment, as the researchers emphasized the necessity of elucidating its molecular and physiological mechanisms. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of considering dietary factors influencing endogenous melatonin levels, suggesting potential avenues for future research to explore the indirect effects of melatonin supplementation on sports performance through improvements in health biomarkers.
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